elizabethan attitudes towards different cultures

Home to the worlds largest Shakespeare collection, the Folger is dedicated to advancing knowledge and the arts. Results were analyzed for 52 fifth- and sixth-grade children and 52 older adults, and comparisons made on the basis of age, sex and amount of intergenerational contact. In this period, the use of negro in various European languages is always connected to the kinds of discourses that we associate with race. We think about this population that in the edicts is identified as having come from Spain, but what were they doing in Spain? BOGAEV: Its complicated. And so those are the moments where we can put pressure and see how race is being mobilized to make it very clear that this is the villain and hes a villain because of his Blackness and his Africanness. The types of attitude in psychology that is often stated are. BOGAEV: Ah. Yeah. The Chinese culture is among the oldest cultures around the world, hence its rich history and traditions. The Prince doth participate to them all, or so many of them as he shall think good, such legations anal messages as come from foreign Princes, such letters or occurrents [news] as be sent to himself or to his secretaries, and keepeth so many ambassades [messages] and letters sent unto him secret as he will, although these have particular oath of a councillor touching faith and secrets administered unto them when they be first admitted into that company. Wherefore women are more compassionate and more readily made to weep, more jealous and querulous, more fond of railing, and more contentious The female also is more subject to depression of spirits and despair than the male. BOGAEV: When you were coming up in the academy, you know, when you were writing your dissertation, were you coming up against the old way of teaching Shakespeare? When we come to a country with a very different culture, the feeling of insecurity as an expatriate, spouse, or traveling business person is of course much higher than in our native cultural milieu. That was specifically directed at people from Spain, right? "In Elizabethan England one's clothing provided an observer with instant knowledge of one's social status." (Sonia) People were very judgmental of . Differences in attitudes towards disclosure. ), Find out more about saving to your Kindle, Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521064309.005. Christian teaching gave prominence to three purposes for marriage: procreation of children, regulation of sexual activity, and mutual comfort and support. Aristotle, Historia Animalium, translated by Richard Cresswell: And in all animals in which there is a distinction of the sexes nature has given a similar disposition to the males and to the females. Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-jxww4 Feature Flags: { Presumption is our natural and original infirmity. Springer is one of the leading international scientific publishing companies, publishing over 1,200 journals and more than Could you just fill us in and give us the thumbnail sketch? She rode on horseback, or on a litter, carried above the eye-level of the crowd. 28 March 2007. Or is it just an unconscious, you know, lack of awareness? But I think a lot about this play also because I work in the context of the Mediterranean and the context of the Ottoman Empire. I think there is a preconceived notion for people who dont go deep into the scholarship on race. BOGAEV: Yes, and colonialism and all of this stuff. Culture is everything that describes a particular group of people.The group can be; a family, a religious group, or people from a different town, neighbourhood, country, or city.It can also be people who share a similar ethnic background, life dynamics, or work culture. would have been the same (or perhaps much more intense given their lack of understanding of . So, you can see that hes alienated, yeah. At first the aim of the Spanish Armada was to liberate the captive Queen of Scots, but when Mary was executed for conspiring Elizabeth's death in 1587, Philip planned to invade England in the name of his daughter, the Infanta . I mean, I think that its the practices of how we read, how we think; that theyre all kind of regulated by the modes of whiteness. The model summarized below, by Milton Bennett describes this journey from ethnocentrism to ethnorelativism: . . Now, when we talk about Atlantic slavery, we are talking about a related but also, kind of different kind and form of enslavement. DADABHOY: It was directed at the Black population, who are identified as having come from Spain. emotional. Sometimes . attitudes toward them were examined using the Attitude Perception Questionnaire. Regarding differences, these were found in the prevalence of . The English-izing of all these names is really confusing, yeah. You write that in his day at least 50 plays featured characters that were marked as racially or religiously different from their English audiences. While the husbands received the marriage . I think for me it was really interesting to follow the use and mobilization of that word in the play. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Right? The water, which is somewhat consolidate and approacheth to corruption, is next unto the earth. They have power to exalt low things and abase high things, and make of their subjects like men at the chess: a pawn to take a bishop or a knight, and to cry up or down any of their subjects, as they do their money. Shakespeare Unlimited comes to you from the Folger Shakespeare Library. 4. The first component is based on the knowledge we acquire and feel confident about the fact that we are educated on that subject and can present someone with the relevant information. Those are all the kind of competing forces that are playing upon him. And these notable faults have men in all ages espied in that kind, for the which not only they have removed women from rule and auhority, but also some have thought that men subject to the counsel or empire of their wives were unworthy of all public office. I mean, does negro becomes the freighted word or a slur or a conflation of color into race? BOGAEV: They kind of invert there, invert what youre saying. The arts, religion, and clothing helped create the unique culture of the Elizabethan Era. BOGAEV: This is really interesting because I want to step back now to the bigger picture. If we think about the process of enslavement in the Mediterranean and we think about Mediterranean empires, enslavement had been going on for thousands of years. DADABHOY: One of the ways that it definitely changes how I teach my students is that those influence the kinds of questions that we ask. We see here already Othello as kind of being hypersexualized and also criminalized in a way through the elopement. So the Battle of Alcazar is this famous battle of Alccer Quibir, which is famous in Europe becauseand its called the Battle of Three Kingsbecause three kings end up dying in this battle. BOGAEV: That is so interesting, that Shakespeares audiences would have some kind of familiarity with a population thats so diverse, in terms of Otherness, I guess: non-white. The Elizabethan society had a very conservative outlook on things. She is also more shameless and false, more readily deceived, and more mindful of injury, more watchful, more idle, and on the whole less excitable than the male. Otherwise, they had to stay home and learn to run the household. The Ottomans really control much of this eastern Mediterranean geography during the time that Shakespeare is writing this play but also during the time where Shakespeare might have set this play, which would be probably about 40 years before 1603. Some of the factors that influence cultural differences in human-companion animal relationships are addressed, including the role of religion and symbolism and the role of veterinary medicine. WITMORE: Dr. Ambereen Dadabhoy is an assistant professor of literature at Harvey Mudd College in Claremont, California. But to treat of that which by natural understanding may be comprehended. A lot of romances take place in the Holy Land. The poor and attitudes to poverty. hasContentIssue true, https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521064309.005, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Because I came to this play having read about it, before I even read the play. They were probably people who were kidnapped from Africa, either themselves, or their ancestors might have been. And as you say, it takes place in Moroccoand well get back to Othello in a momentbut its really interesting what you have to say about this. Deepen your understanding of his works and their cultural influence. China and England possess different cultural values, with China characterized by collectivism and strong social norms, and England by individualism. Away from the luxury of the monarchy in the Elizabethan era, life for ordinary people was often hard and the number of poor people increased during Elizabeth's . A lot of the scholarship about it talks about, how in this play, we have white Moors and we have Blackamoors, and that the fact that we have all of these kinds of Moors suggests that race, as we understand it in terms of the symbolic loading of meaning onto skin, is not present in this play. Discover Shakespeare's stories and the world that shaped them. But also, this character, its very important to situate him within the context of the eastern Mediterranean and in the context of the Ottoman Empire. Those things were quite common. And the fact of the Holy Land, its also a place where you have a lot of encounter with people who are different culturally, linguistically, religiously, but also racially and ethnically. DADABHOY: English people are already trainedand we have scholars like Anthony Barthelemy has talked about this in his book Black Face, Maligned Race, where the image of blackness, as associated with sin, with the devil, all of these things, makes it quite easy to map onto then Black people these kinds of characteristics. Previous: Paul Edmondson onAll the Sonnets of Shakespeare| Next: Geoffrey Marsh on Shakespeares Neighbors. @kindle.com emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org We're at a moment in time when we need to do more than tolerate each other. For where there is no right order, there reigneth all abuse, carnal liberty, enormity, sin, and Babylonical confusion. His privy council be chosen also at the Prince's pleasure out of the nobility or barony, and of the knights and esquires, such and so many as he shall think good, who doth consult daily, or when need is of the weighty matters of the realm, to give therein to their Prince the best advice they can. God has power to create, or destroy, make, or unmake at his pleasure, to give life, or send death, to judge all, and to be judged nor accountable to none; to raise low things, and to make high things low at his pleasure, and to God are both soul and body due. What does each place represent? His presentation of women was depend ent upon the thinking of the society surrounding him. And the privilege which he so fondly challengeth to be the only absolute creature in this huge world's frame, perfectly able to know the absolute beauty and several parts thereof, and that he is only of power to yield the great Architect thereof due thanks for it and to keep account both of the receipts and layings out of the world--who hath sealed him this patent? DADABHOY: I dont know that I would say that. Different Attitudes Toward Disclosure In some cultures, it is not appropriate to be frank about emotions, about the reasons behind a conflict or a misunderstanding, or about personal information. This was a period in which Englishmen had to face the fact that there were strange people in other parts of the world. According to Social Gerontology: A Multidisciplinary Perspective, 7.2 percent of the Japanese population will be 80 or older in 2020 (compared to 4.1 percent in the U.S.), which will likely lead . if the sepia [cuttlefish] is struck with a trident, the male comes to help the female, but the female makes her escape if the male is struck. 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Including in the world of Shakespeare studies. That his skin becomes the sign of his villainy and a sign of warning. It was introduced to ensure that the poor relief was collected to help the poor. It turns out, we should look back pretty far. You had Moroccan African people in London. The number of poor was increasing and people were far less charitable. Many ideas surrounding the change and evolved over the centuries, ideas such as the views towards education and the impact of the industrial revolution on westerns societies views towards childhood, due to the limited space, this essay will focus on two underlying issues . If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. In Elizabethan England, there was fairly widespread belief that freedom of choice was a right among marriage partners. Is it a similar depiction of otherness to what we see in these plays? Culture is a word for the 'way of life' of groups of people, meaning the way they do things. I mean, it just requires really teaching this whole period differently, it seems. For commonly women are the most part of the forenoon painting themselves, and frizzing their hairs, and prying in their glass like Apes, to pranck up themselves in their gawdies, like Poppets, or like the Spider which weaves a fine web to hang the fly.". Ben Lauer is the web producer. The women of the Elizabethan era were given education only if they were members of the nobility. on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Have they been granted only in favor of the wise? Well, is it that theres a negro Moor and then just Moors? It may apply sharp cures, or cut off corrupt members, let blood in what proportion it thinks fit, and as the body may spare but yet is all this power ordained by God ad aedificationem, non ad destructionem [for constructive, not destructive use]. I feel this very strongly every time I see the play performed, that it just doesnt work for me. What was the framework of assumptions concerning foreigners? King James I, A speech to the Lords and Commons of the Parliament at Whitehall, Mach 21, 1610: The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth. This is understood of the subjects of the realm. "useRatesEcommerce": false The Chinese. Venice was one of the richest cities in the world. By what comparison from them to us doth he conclude the brutishness he ascribeth unto them? Sir Thomas Elyot, The Book of the Governor, 1531: Moreover, take away order from all things, what should then remain? Are the foolish and wicked worthy of so extraordinary a favor, who, being the worst part of the world, should they be preferred before the rest? After enduring such challenges on the way to the throne, Elizabeth chose to avoid marriage because it meant giving . In fact, even the Medieval Church had reminded parents of their duty to consider their children's inclinations in marriage arrangements. Eurocentric views that African men are barbaric, illiterate, promiscuous studs (good enough only to be used in servitude as the white man's property) have been perpetuated through time and space. Dr. Dadabhoy was interviewed by Barbara Bogaev. elizabethan attitudes towards different cultureshamburger di pesce congelatohamburger di pesce congelato So, Shakespearean audiences, then, already had exposure to, or thoughts along, these lines, and theyre getting it from different aspects of culture. Differences in cultures have led to a diversity in the people from different parts of the world. And Cyprus is quite close to, sort of, the center of power of the Ottoman Empire, thinking about Istanbul. The fact that she identifies them as Blackamoors suggests then that they were Black African people. It was edited by Gail Kern Paster. And yet in the one and the other, be degrees of qualities, some pleasant to behold, some delicate or good in taste, other wholesome and medicinable, some commodious and necessary. Request Permissions. BOGAEV: Right, yes. The duties of husband and wife were explicitly defined and expected to be followed by both men and women. Of all creatures man is the most miserable and frail, and therewithal the proudest and disdainfullest. . But, a very racist city who would only allow Catholics to enter the city. Published online by Cambridge University Press: The Elizabethan Era, during which Shakespeare lived and wrote, is also known for Sir Francis Drake's exploration of the "new world," the English defeat of the Spanish Armada (a naval campaign to invade and bring Roman Catholicism back to England), Sir Walter Raleigh's colonial exploration, the blossoming of theatre and poetry in England . In the Elizabethan era, gender roles were clearly defined. Then when we finally see Othello, he is of course so different from what we have been led to believe by Iago. In fact, the press treated their presence as part of the spectacle itself. Her chapter in the Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare and Race is called Barbarian Moors: Documenting Racial Formation in Early Modern England. The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare and Race was published by Cambridge University Press in 2021. Is that how you see it? The attitude of Queen Elizabeth was certainly more lenient than those of her neighbours in France and Spain. Blackness working in concert with villainy, untrustworthiness, fit for servitude, But also a warning, right? So Im really thinking about the way that the play opens not with Othello, but with Iago and Roderigo shaping for us how we should interpret the Moor and Othello, and really relying on lurid imagery of Othellos sexuality and the kind of potential violation of Desdemona that they conjure for Brabantio.

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