which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology

Verywell Mind's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Publish: 15 days ago. In their model, storing memories in short-term memory is like opening different files on a computer and adding information. Can you remember every event you have experienced over the course of your lifemeals, conversations, clothing choices, weather conditions, and so on? a. Chomsky Not all long-term memories are strong memories, and some memories can only be recalled using prompts. Which of the following is true of long-term memory? B. d. You must create an algorithmfor a problem before you can create a program to solve the problem. d. an image of the instructor. Which of the following is true of the sympathetic nervous system? In psychology, one of these problem-solving approaches is known as an algorithm. One cannot really consider long-term memory without thinking about the way it is organized. D. 70 or lower. Mistakes may occur, but this approach allows for speedy decisions when time is of the essence. _____ involves the ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and to devise unconventional solutions to problems. Multiple Choice Q17 _____ psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of higher mental processes,including thinking,language,memory,problem solving,knowing,reasoning,and judging. c. grammar b. females. The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs is. b. trial and error. C. practicing groupthink c. means-end analysis. Remember the elevator? b. Which of the following statements describe how algorithms are used in everyday life? d. 100, ________, which is caused by a defect in a male gene that leads to deficiency in a protein needed for brain development, is a biological cause of intellectual disability. b. syntax. A more creative method of problem-solving is the use of: Lowest rating: 3. Algorithms allow automation of complex tasks. An event schema, also known as a cognitive script, is a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine. Question. For example, you would use recall for an essay test. An algorithm is a step-by-step method to solve a problem. D. heuristic. 2022-06-30; wreck on 1942 crosby, tx today a. one Jessica has been searching for a new apartment. c. pragmatics. C. an introvert. or numbers for which there is no identifiable pattern or sequence. A. At first thought, nothing comes to mind. And most of it has no impact on our lives. So if you face a situation where a decision needs to be made very quickly, you might be better off using a different problem-solving strategy. d. natural concept. Episodic memory is information about events we have personally experienced (i.e., an episode). A. morphemes Fragile X syndrome D. 100. A mechanical problem-solving technique is also referred to as: c. Clinical neuropsychologists A square always has four equal sides and four right angles. There are two components of long-term memory: explicit and implicit. Hillary meets her brother's friend Drake, who is a tall, lanky man. And when youre riding in a crowded elevator and you cant face the front, it feels uncomfortable, doesnt it? Creative Commons Attribution License During proactive interference, previously learned information interferes with the ability to learn new information. Most likely your early experiences with dogs will shape what you imagine. While you could use an algorithm to map out every possible route and determine which one would be the fastest, that would be a very time-consuming process. B. functional fixedness. b. autism _____ is the proportion of observable differences in a group that can be explained by differences in the genes of the group's members. An algorithm is a software used to compute numbers. Round the results to three decimal places. In other instances, you might be able to follow different paths that will all lead to the same solution. A. Development is the product of nature, nurture, and the complex interaction of the two. What did Harry Harlow demonstrate in his classic study of attachment amongst baby monkeys? By following the instructions correctly, you are guaranteed to arrive at the right answer. is the memory process that occurs when information that was retained in memory comes out of storage. answer choices converting visual information into something meaningful converting sound into vibrations bringing information housed in long-term memory to mind holding information just long enough to work with it Question 2 30 seconds Q. In the context of loss aversion, identify the true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. b. concepts are universal and influence the development of language. The companys minimum desired rate of return is 10%. Their model of human memory (Figure 8.4), called Atkinson and Shiffrin's model, is based on the belief that we process memories in the same way that a computer processes information. a. We cannot absorb all of it, or even most of it. A. convergent thinking. Using Stern's formula, her IQ is: c. various cultures. Could semantic encoding be beneficial to you as you attempt to memorize the concepts in this chapter? The concept of episodic memory was first proposed about in the 1970s (Tulving, 1972). a. accurately determine IQ. d. validity. Work through this series of numbers using the recall exercise explained above to determine the longest string of digits that you can store. A semantic network consists of concepts, and as you may recall from what youve learned about memory, concepts are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. c. mental sets. Now its back on your desktop, and you can work with it again. A prototype is the best example or representation of a concept. It was first demonstrated by William Bousfield (1935) in an experiment in which he asked people to memorize words. b. not important in measuring intelligence. C. gender biased. transformers: power of the primes swoop; mountaingate country club celebrity members; portmore st catherine jamaica; death note boyfriend scenarios when you cuddle According to Baddeley and Hitch, a central executive part of memory supervises or controls the flow of information to and from the three short-term systems, and the central executive is responsible for moving information into long-term memory. In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray made the unfounded claim that: d. do not communicate. Brainstorming is an example of He has skipped three grades and is a straight A student with superior verbal and mathematical talent. d. pragmatic, In the brain, creating a mental image is _______ seeing an actual image. It is sometimes referred to as the "I-knew-it-all-along effect." Had you read, Some people really enjoy growing flowers. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written a. smoothie Posted on 3. Rehearsal moves information from short-term memory to long-term memory. C. divergent thinking. He travels several days throughout the month and spends very little time with Cooper. You absorb a large quantity of information by listening to and participating in discussions, examining maps, and reading first-hand accounts of peoples lives. When packing her glassware to move into a new apartment, she runs out of protective styrofoam packing material. c. measure what it's supposed to measure. d. 15. Children understand metaphor and satire usually between ages 11 and 14. CONCEPT Definition of an Algorithm 6 Which of the following statements about APIs is true? What is the correct order of the human sexual-response pattern? B. You probably find it difficult, if not impossible, to answer these questions. it involves bottom-up processing D. precision, ________ is a characteristic of good problem solvers. 1 item by anonymous. d. music notes on a keyboard. We encode the sounds the words make. c. Australian children. Now lets turn our attention to acoustic encoding. A person with an IQ over 145 may be best categorized as: Wechsler's four index scales are verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and: Gardner believes that reason, logic, and knowledge are: TrueThe symmetric key algorithm is a class of cipher that uses identical or closely related keys for encryption and decryption. C. Concepts are independent of experiences and objects. Understanding the difference between explicit memory and implicit memory is important because aging, particular types of brain trauma, and certain disorders can impact explicit and implicit memory in different ways. Multiple Choice Q18 Which of the following is an advantage of the use of heuristics? C. 75. Implicit memories can influence observable behaviors as well as cognitive tasks. A. creativity. Recognition happens when you identify information that you have previously learned after encountering it again. B. provide clear definitions. _____ are mental categories used to group objects, events, and characteristics. refers to the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task. B. naturalist b. representative heuristic answer choices phenomenon that just happens reconstructive process way in which we receive information not important Question 2 30 seconds Q. c. the more likely that person will succeed in an academic setting. As long as the professor was dressed appropriately, it does not really matter what she was wearing. C. Even if the heritability of a characteristic is very high, the environment seldom matters. This book uses the A(n) _____ is any agent that causes a birth defect. They love going into nature, spreading a blanket on the ground, and eating a delicious meal. Artificial concepts can enhance the understanding of a topic by building on one another. Implicit priming is another type of implicit memory (Schacter, 1992). b. algorithm. b. language; social relationships Cooper's life. If we view something as valuable, the information will move into our short-term memory system. A. Humility predict the class of data. Imagine that you are driving home from work or school. conception, zygote, embryonic period, fetal period. In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories, natural and artificial. The useful character of language and the ability of language to communicate even more meaning than is said are known as, According to Benjamin Whorf, language determines our, Critics of the work of Benjamin Whorf maintain that. Which of the following is true about overlapping subproblems? A. generalized. Once you know how to drive, you can encode additional information about this skill automatically. 110 While schemata allow for more efficient information processing, there can be problems with schemata, regardless of whether they are accurate: Perhaps this particular firefighter is not brave, they just work as a firefighter to pay the bills while studying to become a childrens librarian. words merely reflect rather than cause the way we think. Long term memory has a storage capacity that is virtually unlimited. This type of reasoning is known as. d. They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. b. confirmation bias. C. analytical Some concepts, like tolerance, are agreed upon by many people, because they have been used in various ways over many years. The strange situation test is used to assess an infant's. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. In the context of loss aversion, identify the true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. A. risk avoidance Psychology is best defined as the study of a. mental health. They also sometimes focus on how we organize thoughts and information gathered from our environments into meaningful categories of thought, which will be discussed later. C. analytical c. theory of "private speech." It is not there on your desktop (your short-term memory), but most of the time you can pull up this information when you want it. Both can be useful when problem-solving, but it is important to understand the differences between them. An algorithm for determining use of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy. C. telepathy. (b) In contrast, artificial concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that they always exhibit, such as what defines different basic shapes. C. merely frame the problem in a vague way. d. IQ tests have socioeconomic biases. However, more contemporary research has found working memory capacity is 4 plus or minus 1 (Cowan, 2010). Our powerful event schema dictates our behavior in the elevator, and it is no different with our phones. (12,562).b.(12,562). D. Concepts/problem solving, In everyday situations, finding and framing problems can be difficult because many real-life problems It prepares the individual for fighting or running away. It encompasses all the things you can remember that happened more than just a few minutes ago. D. They are initial goals that put the individual in a better position for reaching a final solution. Despite not knowing this person, already you have unknowingly made judgments about them. In this case, Claudia is using a(n) d. collective monologue. The use of artificial concepts to define an idea is crucial to communicating with others and engaging in complex thought. The step-by-step approach is the basis for most teaching and learning. A(n) _____ is an aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need. This event schema involves getting in the car, shutting the door, and buckling your seatbelt before putting the key in the ignition. c. cultural bias. d. two, You're asked to come up with a new slogan for your school's Psychology Club. Which of the following statements is true of subgoals? You are driving in your car and a song comes on the radio that you havent heard in at least 10 years, but you sing along, recalling every word. There are two types of long-term memory: explicit and implicit (Figure 8.6). The representativeness heuristic It is sometimes referred to as the "I-knew-it-all-along effect.". C. People disregard prior experiences or failures when making predictions about the possibility of an outcome. Content is fact checked after it has been edited and before publication. Claudia is trying to cook her mother's famous lasagna. A. Heuristics guarantee a solution to a problem. Usually, episodic memory is reported as a story. d. all languages are similar in certain universal ways. b. analytical Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Texting while driving is dangerous, but it is a difficult event schema for some people to resist. Trace Swedens transition from socialism to capitalism. 1999-2023, Rice University. The tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them is known as, _____ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome. A. most scores are around the average score. C. 140 or above It is illustrated when psychologists and other scientists use theories to make predictions and then evaluate their predictions by making further observations. What rules of thumb (if any) are you using? b. like a photo negative of d. mechanical solution. Unlike short-term memory, long-term memory storage capacity is believed to be unlimited. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the stages of prenatal development? which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychologyduskull evolution arceus A child with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 12 has an IQ of These thoughts are one example of cognition at work. In short, you know snow. and you must attribute OpenStax. B. inner motivation A. are complex strategies that suggest a solution to a problem. b. convergent thinking. d. different aspects of intelligence. Q. Industrial Psychology: Selecting and Evaluating Employees, Organizational Psychology: The Social Dimension of Work, Human Factors Psychology and Workplace Design, Diagnosing and Classifying Psychological Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Mental Health Treatment: Past and Present, Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: A Special Case, The Sociocultural Model and Therapy Utilization. B. A. using heuristics. Choosing which apartment is best is an example of Recall is what we most often think about when we talk about memory retrieval: it means you can access information without cues. If an instructor was referring to a stream during a lecture, a student's mental image is likely to be: Predict whether the dissociation of the dimer to the monomer is exothermic or endothermic, based on the fact that at higher temperatures the yellow color of the solution intensifies. How well did you do? Schemata also help you fill in gaps in the information you receive from the world around you. Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. ________ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance. The haystack was important because the cloth ripped. They are motivated more externally than internally. A. Similarly, most people have a song that causes a specific emotional response. Emotion and memory are powerful influences on both our thoughts and behaviors. moment. d. b.(12,562).b.(2,438). Q. d. Practical intelligence, Researchers have found that animals ________ with one another. Which of the following is true of algorithms and heuristics for solving real-life problems? c. concepts; language D. is the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance. Mathematical formulas, like the equation for area (length width) are artificial concepts defined by specific sets of characteristics that are always the same. c. visual-spatial processing. She took the same test in June and December, receiving a very similar score. b. use symbols; think An algorithm is a defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem. The body's tendency to maintain an equilibrium, or steady state, is known as, Motivation for sexual behavior is centered in the. answer choices. For example, imagine you meet someone who introduces himself as a firefighter. a. phonemes This way, when you try to remember the phone number of your new prospective friend, you will easily remember the area code. Once the information reaches long-term memory, it has to be consolidated at both the synaptic level, which takes a few hours, and into the memory system, which can take weeks or longer. Participants were given words along with questions about them. The perfect slogan becomes apparent to you, but you are not consciously aware of how you figured it out. Which of the following statements is true of inductive reasoning? (credit: Mark Richardson), video that explains short-term and long-term memory, video about superior autobiographical memory, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/8-1-how-memory-functions, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Discuss the three basic functions of memory, Describe the three stages of memory storage, Describe and distinguish between procedural and declarative memory and semantic and episodic memory. This implies that syntactically correct but semantically incorrect. Identify a true statement about language milestones among children. d. means-end analysis. Algorithms break complex tasks into steps that can be followed. High-imagery words are encoded both visually and semantically (Paivio, 1986), thus building a stronger memory. d. verbal/linguistic intelligence. Visual encoding is the encoding of images, and acoustic encoding is the encoding of sounds, words in particular. Here is another example. B. divergent thinking. For example, specific smells can cause specific emotional responses for some people. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. C. availability heuristic. Heritability has no meaning when applied to a single case. b. confirmation bias. OLE CA Computer Science & Applications 12965. Language allows people to ______ and _______. D. drop out of college. Which of the following is the main difference between algorithms and heuristics? identify a true statement about heuristics. Five-year old Jordan is seeing a speech therapist in his preschool once a week because he has difficulty saying the "r" sound in his own name. Which of the following is true of long-term memory? An Algorithm simply refers to the process or the set of rules which are vital in calculations. a. linguistic relativity hypothesis. A(n) _____ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem. Confirmation bias They are devised while developing problem-solving strategies. Memory trace decay and interference are two factors that affect short-term memory retention. a. the debate of sign language versus spoken language. The cognitive universalism theory states that: If your first pet was a Golden Retriever, there is a good chance that this would be your prototype for the category of dogs. Kanzi, the chimpanzee, communicates with researchers by using: c. is a device that aids in language translation for international business. D. all scores are below average. It involves bottom-up processing. (b) Based on the correlation matrix, is collinearity a problem? Next count backwards from 40 by fours, then check yourself to see how well you recalled the sentences this time. According to Gardner's multiple intelligences, which of the following types of vocations would most likely require bodily kinesthetic intelligence? On the other hand, abstract words like level, truth, and value are low-imagery words. Explain this result, given that the density of steel is much greater than that of water. Implicit memory has been studied with cognitive demand tasks, such as performance on artificial grammars (Reber, 1976), word memory (Jacoby, 1983; Jacoby & Witherspoon, 1982), and learning unspoken and unwritten contingencies and rules (Greenspoon, 1955; Giddan & Eriksen, 1959; Krieckhaus & Eriksen, 1960). a. Semantic means having to do with language and knowledge about language. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become thoughts. Because event schemata are automatic, they can be difficult to change. That song's effect could be an implicit emotional memory (Yang, Xu, Du, Shi, & Fang, 2011). Read our, Overview of the Problem-Solving Mental Process, The Psychology of Decision-Making Strategies, How to Increase Your Mental Agility With Dr. Elaine Fox, The Formal Operational Stage of Cognitive Development, Learning Styles Based on Jung's Theory of Personality, Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox, An algorithm for determining use of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, Fast or frugal, but not both: decision heuristics under time pressure, The method a search engine uses to find information on the internet, Instructions for how to assemble a bicycle, Instructions for how to solve a Rubik's cube.

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