what idea was espoused with the webster hayne debates
-what idea was espoused with the webster hayne debates
In contrasting the state of Ohio with Kentucky, for the purpose of pointing out the superiority of the former, and of attributing that superiority to the existence of slavery, in the one state, and its absence in the other, I thought I could discern the very spirit of the Missouri question[1] intruded into this debate, for objects best known to the gentleman himself. The Webster-Hayne Debate between New Hampshire Senator Daniel Webster and South Carolina Senator Robert Young Hayne highlighted the sectional nature of the controversy. More specifically, some of the issues facing Congress during this period included: Robert Y. Hayne served as Senator of South Carolina from 1823 to 1832. And who are its enemies? Well, it's important to remember that the nation was still young and much different than what we think of today. . Ostend Manifesto of 1854 Overview & Purpose | What was the Ostend Manifesto? . Most people of the time supported a small central government and strong state governments, so the federal government was much weaker than you might have expected. . The excited crowd which had packed the Senate chamber, filling every seat on the floor and in the galleries, and all the available standing room, dispersed after the orator's last grand apostrophe had died away in the air, with national pride throbbing at the heart. . Compare And Contrast The Tension Between North And South. The significance of Daniel Webster's argument went far beyond the immediate proposal at hand. I hold it to be a popular government, erected by the people; those who administer it responsible to the people; and itself capable of being amended and modified, just as the people may choose it should be. Sir, when arraigned before the bar of public opinion, on this charge of slavery, we can stand up with conscious rectitude, plead not guilty, and put ourselves upon God and our country. I love a good debate. The Webster-Hayne debate was a famous debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina.It happened on January 19-27, 1830. Sir, we will not stop to inquire whether the black man, as some philosophers have contended, is of an inferior race, nor whether his color and condition are the effects of a curse inflicted for the offences of his ancestors. Sir, as to the doctrine that the federal government is the exclusive judge of the extent as well as the limitations of its powers, it seems to be utterly subversive of the sovereignty and independence of the states. It is one from which we are not disposed to shrink, in whatever form or under whatever circumstances it may be pressed upon us. . They switched from a. the tariff of 1828 to national power . a. an explanation of natural events that is well supported by scientific evidence b. a set of rules for ethical conduct during an experiment c. a statement that describes how natural events happen d. a possible answer to a scientific question . Well, the southern states were infuriated. Between January and May 1830, twenty-one of the forty-eight senators delivered a staggering sixty-five speeches on the nature of the Union. Explore the Webster-Hayne debate. Hayne began the debate by speaking out against a proposal by the northern states which suggested that the federal government should stop its surveyance of land west of the Mississippi and shift its focus to selling the land it had already surveyed. . This absurdity (for it seems no less) arises from a misconception as to the origin of this government and its true character. Religious Views: Letter to the Editor of the Illin Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Douglas Faction), (Northern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. . | 12 The 1830 WebsterHayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. Sir, if we are, then vain will be our attempt to maintain the Constitution under which we sit. The debate was on. They attack nobody, and menace nobody. The answer is Daniel Webster, one of the greatest orators in US Senate history, a successful attorney and Senator from Massachusetts and a complex and enigmatic man. Benton was rising in renown as the advocate not only of Western settlers but of a new theory that the public lands should be given away instead of sold to them. But the topic which became the leading feature of the whole debate and gave it an undying interest was that of nullification, in which Hayne and Webster came forth as chief antagonists. They had burst forth from arguments about a decision by Connecticut Senator Samuel Foote. Web hardcover $30.00 paperback $17.00 kindle nook book ibook. To them, the more money the central government made, the stronger it became and the more it took rights away from the states to govern themselves. Read reviews from world's largest community for readers. . . Let us look at his probablemodus operandi. Tariff of 1816 History & Significance | What was the Tariff of 1816? I understand him to maintain, that the ultimate power of judging of the constitutional extent of its own authority, is not lodged exclusively in the general government, or any branch of it; but that, on the contrary, the states may lawfully decide for themselves, and each state for itself, whether, in a given case, the act of the general government transcends its power. Webster rose the next day in his seat to make his reply. Even the revenue system of this country, by which the whole of our pecuniary resources are derived from indirect taxation, from duties upon imports, has done much to weaken the responsibility of our federal rulers to the people, and has made them, in some measure, careless of their rights, and regardless of the high trust committed to their care. . . The gentleman insists that the states have no right to decide whether the constitution has been violated by acts of Congress or not,but that the federal government is the exclusive judge of the extent of its own powers; and that in case of a violation of the constitution, however deliberate, palpable and dangerous, a state has no constitutional redress, except where the matter can be brought before the Supreme Court, whose decision must be final and conclusive on the subject. - Women's Rights Facts & Significance, Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points: Definition, Speech & Summary, Fireside Chats: Definition & Significance, JFK's New Frontier: Definition, Speech & Program. Will it promote the welfare of the United States to have at our disposal a permanent treasury, not drawn from the pockets of the people, but to be derived from a source independent of them? Robert Young Hayne spent more than two decades in elected offices, including mayor of Charleston, member of South Carolina's legislature, attorney general, and then governor of the state. Rush-Bagot Treaty Structure & Effects | What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? State governments were in control of their own affairs and expected little intervention from the federal government. The honorable gentleman from Massachusetts [Senator Daniel Webster] has gone out of his way to pass a high eulogium on the state of Ohio. These debates transformed into a national crisis when South Carolina threatened . I must now beg to ask, sir, whence is this supposed right of the states derived?where do they find the power to interfere with the laws of the Union? . I will yield to no gentleman here in sincere attachment to the Union,but it is a Union founded on the Constitution, and not such a Union as that gentleman would give us, that is dear to my heart. The Webster-Hayne debates began over one issue but quickly switched to another. I say, the right of a state to annul a law of Congress, cannot be maintained, but on the ground of the unalienable right of man to resist oppression; that is to say, upon the ground of revolution. The Union to be preserved, while it suits local and temporary purposes to preserve it; and to be sundered whenever it shall be found to thwart such purposes. I understand the gentleman to maintain, that, without revolution, without civil commotion, without rebellion, a remedy for supposed abuse and transgression of the powers of the general government lies in a direct appeal to the interference of the state governments. . Webster spoke in favor of the proposed pause of federal surveyance of western land, representing the North's interest in selling the western land, which had already been surveyed. 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On that system, Ohio and Carolina are different governments, and different countries, connected here, it is true, by some slight and ill-defined bond of union, but, in all main respects, separate and diverse. In January 1830, a debate on the nature of sovereignty in the America. I would strengthen the ties that hold us together. . After his term as a senator, he served as the Governor of South Carolina. . Now, have they given away that right, or agreed to limit or restrict it in any respect? President Andrew Jackson had just been elected, most of the states got rid of property requirements for voting, and an entire new era of democracy was being born. The impression which has gone abroad, of the weakness of the South, as connected with the slave question, exposes us to such constant attacks, has done us so much injury, and is calculated to produce such infinite mischiefs, that I embrace the occasion presented by the remarks of the gentleman from Massachusetts, to declare that we are ready to meet the question promptly and fearlessly. The heated speeches were unplanned and stemmed from the debate over a resolution by Connecticut Senator Samuel A. This is the sense in which the Framers of the Constitution use the word consolidation; and in which sense I adopt and cherish it. It was motivated by a dispute over the continued sale of western lands, an important source of revenue for the federal government. This was the tenor of Webster's speech, and nobly did the country respond to it. Noah grew a vineyard, got drunk on wine and lay naked. Even Benton, whose connection with the debate made him at first belittle these grand utterances, soon felt the danger and repudiated the company of the nullifiers. Speech on Assuming Office of the President. It is the servant of four-and-twenty masters, of different wills and different purposes, and yet bound to obey all. This statement, though strong, is no stronger than the strictest truth will warrant. . Connecticut and other northeastern states were worried about the pace of growth and wanted to slow this down. If an inquiry should ever be instituted in these matters, however, it will be found that the profits of the slave trade were not confined to the South. It is, sir, the peoples Constitution, the peoples government; made for the people; made by the people; and answerable to the people. It laid the interdict against personal servitude, in original compact, not only deeper than all local law, but deeper, also, than all local constitutions. It is the common pretense. "The most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress" may have been Webster's 1830 "Second Reply to Hayne", a South Carolina Senator who had echoed John C. Calhoun's case for state's rights.. But his standpoint was purely local and sectional. . . Hayne's few but zealous partizans shielded him still, and South Carolina spoke with pride of him. Robert Young Hayne, (born Nov. 10, 1791, Colleton District, S.C., U.S.died Sept. 24, 1839, Asheville, N.C.), American lawyer, political leader, and spokesman for the South, best-remembered for his debate with Daniel Webster (1830), in which he set forth a doctrine of nullification. Prejudice Not Natural: The American Colonization "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? Hayne, South Carolina's foremost Senator, was the chosen champion; and the cause of his State, both in its right and wrong sides, could have found no abler exponent while [Vice President] Calhoun's official station kept him from the floor. . Do they mean, or can they mean, anything more than that the Union of the states will be strengthened, by whatever continues or furnishes inducements to the people of the states to hold together? The scene depicted in the painting is Webster concluding his debate with Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. We who come here, as agents and representatives of these narrow-minded and selfish men of New England, consider ourselves as bound to regard, with equal eye, the good of the whole, in whatever is within our power of legislation. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. When the gentleman says the Constitution is a compact between the states, he uses language exactly applicable to the old Confederation. [Its leader] would have a knot before him, which he could not untie. I will struggle while I have life, for our altars and our fire sides, and if God gives me strength, I will drive back the invader discomfited. For the next several days, the men traded speeches which contemporaries of the time described as the greatest orations ever delivered in the Senate. - Definition and Uses, Public Speaking: Assignment 1 - Informative Speech, Public Speaking: Assignment 3 - Special Occasion Speech, The Role of Probability Distributions, Random Numbers & the Computer in Simulations, The Monte Carlo Simulation: Scope & Common Applications, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, The methods by which the federal government earned its revenue, The federal government's surveying and selling of land west of the Mississippi River, The issue of slavery, which was beginning to divide the Northern and Southern states, The balance of power between federal and state governments. You see, to the south, the Constitution was essentially a treaty signed between sovereign states. Foote Idea To Limit The Sale Of Public Lands In The West To New Settlers. President John Quincy Adams and the Election of 1824. . [was] fixed, forever, the character of the population in the vast regions Northwest of the Ohio, by excluding from them involuntary servitude. His ideas about federalism and his interpretation of the Constitution as a document uniting the states under one supreme law were highly influential in the eyes of his contemporaries and would influence the rebuilding of the nation after the Civil War.